Japanese Car Model Code to Fuel Type Guide 2025: Decode Any JDM Vehicle

What is a Japanese Vehicle Model Code? (Quick Answer)

A Japanese vehicle model code prefix is a 2-4 character designation (like DBA, DAA, or ZAA) that appears at the start of the chassis number. It instantly reveals the vehicle's fuel type, emission standard, and classification.

Example: A Toyota Prius with model code DAA-ZVW30 means:

• DAA = Hybrid vehicle
• ZVW30 = Specific Prius generation identifier

Why Model Code Prefixes Matter for JDM Imports

When importing Japanese vehicles or buying at auction, the model code prefix tells you:

✅ Fuel type (Hybrid, Gasoline, Diesel, Electric, PHEV)
✅ Emission compliance level
✅ Vehicle age and generation
✅ Import eligibility for your country
✅ Kei car classification status
✅ Maintenance requirements and costs

Pro Tip: Always verify the model code against the auction sheet to avoid fuel type misrepresentation.

Universal Japanese Car Model Code Prefixes (All Brands)

These prefixes are standardized across Toyota, Honda, Nissan, Mazda, Subaru, Mitsubishi, Suzuki, and Daihatsu.

🔵 Hybrid Vehicle Codes (HEV)

Common Models: Toyota Prius, Honda Fit Hybrid, Nissan Serena e-POWER

🟡 Plug-in Hybrid Codes (PHEV)

Common Models: Toyota Prius PHV, Mitsubishi Outlander PHEV, Toyota RAV4 Prime

🟢 Gasoline Vehicle Codes

Most Common: If you see DBA on a Japanese car from 2005-2018, it's gasoline-powered.

🟠 Diesel Vehicle Codes

Common Models: Toyota Land Cruiser Prado (LDA), Mazda CX-5 diesel, Nissan Caravan diesel

🟣 Electric Vehicle Codes (BEV)

Common Models: Nissan LEAF (ZAA), Honda e (ZAA), Toyota bZ4X

⚪ Kei Car Codes (軽自動車)

Kei cars (660cc micro vehicles) have special designations:

Popular Kei Models: Suzuki Wagon R, Honda N-Box, Daihatsu Tanto

Japanese Car Model Codes by Manufacturer

🇯🇵 Toyota Model Code Prefix Guide

Toyota uses the most comprehensive model code system in Japan.

Toyota Hybrid Codes

• DAA-ZVW30 = Prius (3rd gen, 2009-2015)
• DAA-ZVW50 = Prius (4th gen, 2015-2018)
• DAA-AYH30 = Alphard Hybrid
• DAA-ZWE211 = Corolla Hybrid
• 6AA-ZVW52 = Prius (5th gen, 2023+)

Toyota Plug-in Hybrid Codes

• DLA-ZVW35 = Prius PHV (1st gen)
• DLA-ZVW52 = Prius PHV (2nd gen)
• DLA-AXAP54 = RAV4 PHV
• 5LA = Newest PHEV generation

Toyota Gasoline Codes

• DBA-NCP131 = Vitz/Yaris (2010-2020)
• DBA-ZRE152 = Corolla (2006-2012)
• CBA-GRS182 = Crown (early 2000s)
• 3BA-MXAA52 = RAV4 gasoline (2019+)
• 4BA-ZWE213 = Corolla gasoline (2019+)

Toyota Diesel Codes

• LDA-GDJ150 = Land Cruiser Prado diesel
• QDF-KDH201 = Hiace diesel van
• TKG-KDY281 = Hiace commercial diesel

Toyota Electric Codes

• ZAA-AP10 = C+Pod (ultra-compact EV)
• ZAA-XEAM10 = bZ4X (some variants)

🇯🇵 Honda Model Code Prefix Guide

Honda's model codes are straightforward and consistent.

Honda Hybrid Codes

• DAA-GP5 = Fit Hybrid (2013-2020)
• DAA-RC1 = Odyssey Hybrid
• DAA-ZE4 = Insight (2018+)
• 6AA-GR3 = Fit Hybrid (2020+)
• 6AA-RU4 = Vezel Hybrid (e:HEV)

Honda Gasoline Codes

• DBA-GK3 = Fit gasoline (2013-2020)
• DBA-RK5 = StepWgn (2009-2015)
• DBA-FK7 = Civic (2017-2021)
• ABA-FL5 = Civic Type R (performance)
• 3BA-RU1 = Vezel gasoline (2021+)
• 4BA-FL1 = Civic gasoline (2021+)

Honda Electric Codes

• ZAA-ZC7 = Honda e (EV, 2020+)

🇯🇵 Nissan Model Code Prefix Guide

Nissan's e-POWER system creates unique hybrid classifications.

Nissan Hybrid & e-POWER Codes

• DAA-NT32 = X-Trail Hybrid
• DAA-HE12 = Note e-POWER (2016-2020)
• 6AA-SNE13 = Note e-POWER (2020+)
• 6AA-GFC28 = Serena e-POWER (2022+)

Nissan Electric Codes

• ZAA-ZE0 = LEAF (2nd gen, 2017-2020)
• ZAA-ZE1 = LEAF (extended range, 2019+)
• ZAA-AZE0 = LEAF (40kWh)

Nissan Gasoline Codes

• DBA-C27 = Serena gasoline (2016-2022)
• DBA-K13 = March/Micra (2010-2021)
• DBA-V37 = Skyline 350GT
• CBA-Z34 = Fairlady Z (370Z)
• 3BA-RU0 = Kicks gasoline

Nissan Diesel Codes

• LDA-NT32 = X-Trail diesel
• QDF-VW2E26 = Caravan diesel
• SKG-VR2E26 = NV350 Caravan diesel

🇯🇵 Mazda Model Code Prefix Guide

Mazda's Skyactiv technology influences their model coding.

Mazda Hybrid Codes

• DAA-BP5P = Mazda 3 Hybrid (uses Toyota system)

Mazda Gasoline Codes

• DBA-KE2AW = CX-3 gasoline
• DBA-BP5P = Mazda 3 gasoline (2019-2022)
• DBA-KF5P = CX-5 gasoline (2017-2021)
• 3BA-BP5P = Mazda 3 (2022+)
• 4BA-KF5P = CX-5 (2021+)

Mazda Diesel Codes (Skyactiv-D)

• LDA-KE2FW = CX-3 diesel
• LDA-KF2P = CX-5 diesel
• LDA-GJ2FP = Mazda 6 diesel
• 2DG = Commercial diesel vans

🇯🇵 Subaru Model Code Prefix Guide

Subaru's AWD vehicles use consistent coding.

Subaru Hybrid Codes (e-BOXER)

• DAA-GT7 = XV/Crosstrek Hybrid
• DAA-SK9 = Forester Hybrid (e-BOXER)

Subaru Gasoline Codes

• DBA-GT3 = XV gasoline (2017-2022)
• DBA-SJ5 = Forester (2012-2018)
• DBA-ZC6 = BRZ (2012-2021)
• CBA-VAB = WRX STI (2014-2021)
• 3BA-GT3 = XV (2022+)
• 4BA-SK5 = Forester (2018+)

Subaru Diesel Codes

• LDA-YA5 = Exiga diesel (rare JDM model)

🇯🇵 Mitsubishi Model Code Prefix Guide

Mitsubishi pioneered PHEV technology in Japan.

Mitsubishi Plug-in Hybrid Codes

• DLA-GG2W = Outlander PHEV (2013-2021)
• 5LA-GN0W = Outlander PHEV (2021+)
• 5LA-GL3W = Eclipse Cross PHEV

Mitsubishi Gasoline Codes

• DBA-CV5W = Delica D:5 gasoline
• DBA-A05A = Mirage
• CBA-Z27AG = Lancer Evolution X

Mitsubishi Diesel Codes

• LDA-CV1W = Delica D:5 diesel
• LDA-V98W = Pajero diesel (3.2L)
• TKG = Fuso Canter commercial trucks

🇯🇵 Suzuki Model Code Prefix Guide

Suzuki specializes in kei cars and mild hybrid systems (SHVS).

Suzuki Mild Hybrid Codes

• DAA-ZC83S = Swift Hybrid (SHVS)
• DAA-MA37S = Solio Hybrid
• DAA-MK53S = Spacia Hybrid (kei)

Suzuki Kei Car Codes

• DAA-MH55S = Wagon R Hybrid (kei)
• DBA-MH34S = Wagon R gasoline (kei)
• 3BA-MH95S = Wagon R (2020+, kei)
• DBA-HA36S = Alto (kei)
• 3BA-MN71S = Hustler (2020+, kei)

Suzuki Regular Gasoline Codes

• DBA-ZC33S = Swift Sport
• DBA-ZC43S = Swift gasoline (2017-2023)
• 3BA-ZD83S = Swift (2023+)

🇯🇵 Daihatsu Model Code Prefix Guide

Daihatsu focuses exclusively on kei cars and compact vehicles.

Daihatsu Kei Car Codes

• DBA-LA150S = Move (2014-2022, kei)
• DBA-LA600S = Tanto (2013-2019, kei)
• 3BA-LA650S = Tanto (2019+, kei)
• DBA-LA250S = Cast (kei)
• 3BA-LA350S = Mira Tocot (kei)

Daihatsu Hybrid Kei Codes

• DAA-LA160S = Move hybrid (kei, limited)

How to Decode a Japanese Car Chassis Number

Step-by-Step Decoding Process

Example: DBA-ZRE152-AHMXK

1. DBA = Prefix (Gasoline vehicle, 2005-2018 emission standard)
2. ZRE152 = Model code (Toyota Corolla Fielder, 1.8L, 2WD)
3. AHMXK = Detailed specification code (trim, transmission, options)

Where to Find the Model Code

✅ Vehicle auction sheet - Top left corner
✅ Vehicle registration document (Shaken)
✅ Door jamb sticker - Driver's side
✅ Chassis plate - Engine bay
✅ Online JDM auction listings

JDM Model Code Timeline: When Prefixes Changed

Understanding the timeline helps identify vehicle age and generation:

Era 1: Pre-2005 (Legacy Codes)

• E, GF, GH, TA, UA, LA = Various older gasoline models
• Limited standardization across manufacturers

Era 2: 2005-2009 (Standardization Begins)

• DBA introduced = Standard gasoline designation
• CBA phased out gradually
• Emission regulations tightened

Era 3: 2009-2018 (Hybrid Era)

• DAA introduced = Hybrid vehicle standard
• DLA introduced = Plug-in hybrid standard
• LDA standardized = Diesel passenger vehicles
• ZAA introduced = Electric vehicles

Era 4: 2018-Present (New Emission Standards)

• 3BA/4BA/5BA = New gasoline standards
• 6AA = Updated hybrid standard
• 5LA = Updated PHEV standard
• Stricter CO2 and NOx compliance

Using Model Codes for JDM Import Decisions

Import Eligibility by Fuel Type

✅ Best for Import (Most Markets)

• Gasoline (DBA, 3BA, 4BA) - Universal compatibility
• Hybrid (DAA, 6AA) - Often tax benefits, good availability
• Electric (ZAA) - Growing market acceptance

⚠️ Check Local Regulations

• Diesel (LDA, QDF) - Strict emissions in EU, California
• PHEV (DLA, 5LA) - Verify charging infrastructure
• Kei cars - May need special import permits

❌ Limited Market Acceptance

• Right-hand drive restrictions - USA most states
• Gray market limitations - Some European countries
• Diesel bans - Major cities worldwide

Tax and Duty Implications

Hybrid vehicles (DAA/6AA):

• Often qualify for green vehicle tax reductions
• Lower CO2 = lower import duty (EU)
• HOV lane access (some regions)

Electric vehicles (ZAA):

• Potential zero-emissions vehicle (ZEV) credits
• Import duty exemptions in some countries
• Government purchase subsidies

Diesel vehicles (LDA):

• Higher taxes in many markets (2018+)
• Euro 6 compliance required (Europe)
• Registration restrictions in cities

Common Japanese Model Code Questions (FAQ)

What does DBA mean on Japanese cars?

DBA stands for a Japanese emission standard designation for gasoline-powered vehicles manufactured between 2005-2018. It's the most common prefix you'll see on JDM imports from this era.

How do I identify a hybrid Japanese car?

Look for DAA (2009-2018) or 6AA (2018+) prefixes. These always indicate hybrid vehicles across all Japanese manufacturers.

What's the difference between DAA and DLA?

• DAA = Hybrid vehicle (HEV) - Cannot plug in, charges via regenerative braking
• DLA = Plug-in Hybrid (PHEV) - Has external charging port for battery

Are all ZAA vehicles electric?

Yes, ZAA prefix always indicates a battery electric vehicle (BEV) with zero tailpipe emissions.

What does "kei" mean in model codes?

Kei (軽) designates Japan's special class of micro vehicles limited to 660cc engines and specific dimensions. They receive tax benefits in Japan.

Can I determine vehicle age from the prefix?

Partially - the prefix indicates the emission standard era but not the exact year. Use the full chassis number for precise dating.

Do all Japanese manufacturers use the same prefixes?

Yes, the prefix system is standardized across all Japanese manufacturers by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (MLIT).

What if a vehicle has a prefix not listed?

Some commercial vehicles, special-purpose vehicles, and very old models may use unique codes. Use an online decoder tool or consult import specialists.

Professional JDM Import Tips

Before Bidding at Japanese Auction

1. Verify the prefix matches the advertised fuel type
2. Check emission compliance for your import market
3. Confirm parts availability in your country
4. Research maintenance costs for that fuel type
5. Calculate total landed cost including duties/taxes

Red Flags in Model Codes

⚠️ Mismatched codes - Auction description says hybrid, but model code shows DBA (gasoline)
⚠️ Modified prefix - Tampering or incorrect registration
⚠️ Unclear generation - Old style prefix on supposedly new vehicle
⚠️ Wrong manufacturer code - Doesn't match the brand

Using JPChecker for Verification

Don't rely on seller descriptions alone. Visit jpchecker.com to:

✅ Decode any chassis number instantly
✅ Verify fuel type and emission standard
✅ Check auction sheet accuracy
✅ Access complete specifications database
✅ Get import eligibility information
✅ Compare similar vehicles in our database

Enter any model code (e.g., "DAA-ZVW30") to get complete vehicle details in seconds.

Advanced Model Code Decoding

Beyond the Prefix: Full Chassis Number Structure

Example: DBA-ZRE152H-AHMXK(L)

• DBA = Emission standard prefix (gasoline)
• ZRE = Engine/platform code (1ZR engine)
• 152 = Specific model variation
• H = Body style code
• AHMXK = Trim/equipment package
• (L) = Additional options or region code

Engine Codes Hidden in Model Numbers

Toyota Examples

• ZVW = Hybrid Synergy Drive
• ZRE = 1ZR-FE/1ZR-FAE engine (1.8L)
• NCP = 1NZ-FE engine (1.5L)
• GDJ = GD diesel engine series

Honda Examples

• GP = Fit hybrid platform
• RK = R20A engine (2.0L)
• FK = L15C turbo engine

Nissan Examples

• HE = e-POWER hybrid system
• ZE = Electric vehicle platform

Regional Variations and Export Models

JDM vs Export Model Codes

JDM (Japan Domestic Market):

• Full prefix system (DBA, DAA, etc.)
• Strict emission classifications
• Kei car designations

Export Models:

• May have simplified codes
• International VIN standards
• Different emission certifications

Special Classifications

Commercial Vehicles

• TKG = Medium-duty commercial
• SKG = Light-duty commercial
• BDG = Heavy-duty commercial
• QDF = Special purpose vehicles

Emergency/Special Purpose

• PA = Police vehicles (special classification)
• Fire/Ambulance = Custom prefixes

Model Code Resources and Tools

Online Databases

• jpchecker.com - Comprehensive model code decoder
• Auction sheet verification tools
• VIN/chassis number lookup services

Official Resources

• Japan Vehicle Inspection Association (JVIA)
• Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (MLIT)
• Manufacturer websites (Japanese domains)

Mobile Apps

• Auction sheet readers
• JDM specification databases
• Import calculators with model code integration

Conclusion: Master JDM Model Codes for Better Imports

Understanding Japanese vehicle model code prefixes is essential for:

✅ Accurate vehicle identification - No more fuel type confusion
✅ Smart import decisions - Know what you're buying
✅ Compliance verification - Avoid costly import rejections
✅ Maintenance planning - Budget accurately for ownership
✅ Resale value - Properly document your vehicle

The most important prefixes to remember:

• DBA = Gasoline (most common 2005-2018)
• DAA = Hybrid (most common 2009-2018)
• ZAA = Electric vehicle
• DLA = Plug-in hybrid
• 3BA/4BA = New gasoline (2018+)
• 6AA = New hybrid (2018+)

Ready to Decode Your Vehicle?

Visit jpchecker.com now for:

🔍 Instant model code verification
📊 Complete specification lookup
🚗 Auction sheet decoding
✅ Import eligibility checking
💰 Fair market value estimates

Enter any Japanese chassis number and get accurate results in seconds. Free to use, trusted by importers worldwide.

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Last Updated: November 2025 | Covers all major Japanese manufacturers | Verified by import specialists

Bookmark this page: The complete reference guide for Japanese vehicle model codes and fuel type identification.